{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1760234795385,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI009484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI009484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J002631\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J002631\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mature male mice produce a particularly high concentration of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in their scent marks that provide identity and status information to conspecifics. Darcin (MUP20) is inherently attractive to females and, by inducing rapid associative learning, leads to specific attraction to the individual male\u2019s odour and location. Other polymorphic central MUPs, produced at much higher abundance, bind volatile ligands that are slowly released from a male\u2019s scent marks, forming the male\u2019s individual odour that females learn. Here, we show that infection of C57BL\/6 males with LCMV WE variants (v2.2 or v54) alters MUP expression according to a male\u2019s infection status and ability to clear the virus. MUP output is substantially reduced during acute adult infection with LCMV WE v2.2 and when males are persistently infected with LCMV WE v2.2 or v54. Infection differentially alters expression of darcin and, particularly, suppresses expression of a male\u2019s central MUP signature. However, following clearance of acute v2.2 infection through a robust virus-specific CD8 cytotoxic T cell response that leads to immunity to the virus, males regain their normal mature male MUP pattern and exhibit enhanced MUP output by 30 days post-infection relative to uninfected controls. We discuss the likely impact of these changes in male MUP signals on female attraction and mate selection. As LCMV infection during pregnancy can substantially reduce embryo survival and lead to lifelong infection in surviving offspring, we speculate that females use LCMV-induced changes in MUP expression both to avoid direct infection from a male and to select mates able to develop immunity to local variants that will be inherited by their offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T04:21:21Z","timestamp":1624249281000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Alters the Expression of Male Mouse Scent Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michael B. A.","family":"Oldstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Leahurst Campus, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Beynon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Leahurst Campus, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3687.981","article-title":"Major urinary protein complex of normal mice: Origin","volume":"149","author":"Finlayson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0310142","article-title":"Multiple roles of major urinary proteins in the house mouse, Mus domesticus","volume":"31","author":"Beynon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. 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