{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T02:48:00Z","timestamp":1793933280045,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Successful joint replacement is a life-enhancing procedure with significant growth in the past decade. Prosthetic joint infection occurs rarely; it is a biofilm-based infection that is poorly responsive to antibiotic alone. Recent interest in bacteriophage therapy has made it possible to treat some biofilm-based infections, as well as those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, successfully when conventional antibiotic therapy has failed. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who was successfully treated after a second cycle of bacteriophage therapy administered at the time of a two-stage exchange procedure for a persistent methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) prosthetic knee-joint infection. We highlight the safety and efficacy of both intravenous and intra-articular infusions of bacteriophage therapy, a successful outcome with a single lytic phage, and the development of serum neutralization with prolonged treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T22:40:37Z","timestamp":1624315237000},"page":"1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Successful Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection with Bacteriophage Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Ramirez-Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajit","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Deschenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bri\u2019Anna","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Brownstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Schooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Phage Therapy and Applications, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Phage Therapy and Applications, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.184","article-title":"The projected burden of complex surgical site infections following hip and knee arthroplasties in adults in the United States, 2020 through 2030","volume":"39","author":"Wolford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. 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