{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:43:57Z","timestamp":1789073037136,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R &amp; D Program of China","award":["2017YFA0503900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0503900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31670360, 81973293, U1702286 and 81871631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31670360, 81973293, U1702286 and 81871631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020KZDZX1172 and 2019B1515120029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KZDZX1172 and 2019B1515120029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund","award":["2019B1515120029 and 2020A1515111169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B1515120029 and 2020A1515111169"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Support Program of Guizhou province","award":["No. [2021] Genaral410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. [2021] Genaral410"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee Grant","award":["ZDSYS201506031617582 and JCYJ20190808122213241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS201506031617582 and JCYJ20190808122213241"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs remains an important issue as viral infections continue to threaten public health. Host-directed therapy is a method that focuses on potential targets in host cells or the body, instead of viral proteins. Its antiviral effects are achieved by disturbing the life cycles of pathogens or modulating immunity. In this review, we focus on the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that enhance the immune response. Some natural products present antiviral effects mediated by enhancing immunity, and their structures and mechanisms are summarized here. Natural products with immunomodulatory effects are also discussed, although their antiviral effects remain unknown. Given the power of immunity and the feasibility of host-directed therapy, we argue that both of these categories of natural products provide clues that may be beneficial for the discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1624887562000},"page":"1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents\u2014Inspiration from Immunomodulatory Natural Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mengxun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongai","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6876-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhendan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.162","article-title":"Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections","volume":"17","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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