{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:26:06Z","timestamp":1781562366081,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2320-B-039-050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2320-B-039-050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU109-MF-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU109-MF-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amino acids have been implicated with virus infection and replication. Here, we demonstrate the effects of two basic amino acids, arginine and lysine, and their ester derivatives on infection of two enveloped viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza A virus. We found that lysine and its ester derivative can efficiently block infection of both viruses in vitro. Furthermore, the arginine ester derivative caused a significant boost in virus infection. Studies on their mechanism of action revealed that the compounds potentially disturb virus uncoating rather than virus attachment and endosomal acidification. Our findings suggest that lysine supplementation and the reduction of arginine-rich food intake can be considered as prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against these viruses while also providing a paradigm for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1625438122000},"page":"1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effects of Basic Amino Acids and Their Derivatives on SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivonne","family":"Melano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Lan","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Chung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sinphar Group, Yilan 269, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Wei","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master\u2019s Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taaa021","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa021","article-title":"The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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