{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1776124968499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental surveillance was recommended for risk mitigation in a novel oral polio vaccine-2 (nOPV2) clinical trial (M5-ABMG) to monitor excretion, potential circulation, and loss of attenuation of the two nOPV2 candidates. The nOPV2 candidates were developed to address the risk of poliovirus (PV) type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) as part of the global eradication strategy. Between November 2018 and January 2020, an environmental surveillance study for the clinical trial was conducted in parallel to the M5-ABMG clinical trial at five locations in Panama. The collection sites were located upstream from local treatment plant inlets, to capture the excreta from trial participants and their community. Laboratory analyses of 49 environmental samples were conducted using the two-phase separation method. Novel OPV2 strains were not detected in sewage samples collected during the study period. However, six samples were positive for Sabin-like type 3 PV, two samples were positive for Sabin-like type 1 PV, and non-polio enteroviruses NPEVs were detected in 27 samples. One of the nOPV2 candidates has been granted Emergency Use Listing by the World Health Organization and initial use started in March 2021. This environmental surveillance study provided valuable risk mitigation information to support the Emergency Use Listing application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T22:25:31Z","timestamp":1626215131000},"page":"1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Environmental Surveillance for Risk Assessment in the Context of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Type 2 Novel Oral Polio Vaccine in Panama"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Magda","family":"Rojas-Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Pedi\u00e1tricas, Servicio de Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica, Panama City, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Coulliette-Salmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD 20852, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanen","family":"Belgasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"},{"name":"Cherokee Nation Assurance, Tulsa, OK 74116, USA; Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control, and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanna","family":"Sayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cherokee Nation Assurance, Tulsa, OK 74116, USA; Contracting Agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control, and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Everardo","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Grimoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVM, Quality Assurance Manager, VacciNet, Panama City, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oberste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"R\u00fcttimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fighting Infectious Diseases in Emerging Countries, Miami, FL 33145, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Plotkin, S.A., Orenstein, W.A., Offit, P.A., and Edwards, K.M. 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Hyg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S294","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu384","article-title":"Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative","volume":"210","author":"Asghar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 11). First Ever Vaccine Listed under WHO Emergency Use. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/13-11-2020-first-ever-vaccine-listed-under-who-emergency-use."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/7\/1355\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:29:52Z","timestamp":1760164192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/7\/1355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["v13071355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13071355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]}}}