{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:49:39Z","timestamp":1792594179176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":262,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence\/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T21:56:51Z","timestamp":1626299811000},"page":"1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ivanildo P.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia B.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa S.","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuane C.R.G.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Structural Biology Program, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro-PMBqBM, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helver G.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9750-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Structural Biology Program, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro-PMBqBM, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson E.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1647247","article-title":"Emerging viral infections and their impact on the global burden of neurological disease","volume":"38","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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