{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:46:43Z","timestamp":1775083603225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\/COV\/0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\/COV\/0045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serological assays have been widely employed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to measure antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to track seroconversion in populations. However, currently available assays do not allow determination of neutralization capacity within the assay protocol. Furthermore, commercial serology assays have a high buy-in cost that is inaccessible for many research groups. We have replicated the serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody isotypes, developed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. Additionally, we have modified the protocol to include a neutralization assay with only a minor modification to this protocol. We used this assay to screen local COVID-19 patient sera (n = 91) and pre-COVID-19 control sera (n = 103), and obtained approximate parity with approved commercial anti-nucleoprotein-based assays with these sera. Furthermore, data from our neutralization assay closely aligns with that generated using a spike-based pseudovirus infection model when a subset of patient sera was analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T09:32:07Z","timestamp":1626341527000},"page":"1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dynamic Assay for Profiling Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Their ACE2\/Spike RBD Neutralization Capacity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Phelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, St. James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00edona N\u00ed","family":"Cheallaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Mark","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peak Proteins Ltd., Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Faba-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peak Proteins Ltd., Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8029-8227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Amanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James\u2019 Hospital Campus, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"Bergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St James\u2019s Hospital, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudharshana","family":"Sundaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aideen","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James\u2019 Hospital Campus, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Worldometer (2021, May 24). 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