{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:30:33Z","timestamp":1765369833088,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: HCV shows complex interactions with lipid metabolism. Our aim was to examine total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) changes in HIV\/HCV coinfected patients, after achieving sustained virological response (SVR), according to different HCV genotypes and specific antiretroviral use. Methods: HIV\/HCV coinfected patients, enrolled in the ICONA and HepaICONA cohorts, who achieved DAA-driven SVR were included. Paired t-tests were used to examine whether the pre- and post-SVR laboratory value variations were significantly different from zero. ANCOVA regression models were employed to estimate the causal effect of SVR and of PI\/r use on lipid changes. The interaction between the effect of eradication and HCV genotype was formally tested. Results: six hundred and ninety-nine HIV\/HCV coinfected patients were enrolled. After HCV eradication, a significant improvement in liver function occurred, with a significant decrease in AST, ALT, GGT, and total plasmatic bilirubin. TC and LDL-C significantly increased by 21.4 mg\/dL and 22.4 mg\/dL, respectively (p &lt; 0.001), after SVR, whereas there was no evidence for a change in HDL-C (p = 0.45) and triglycerides (p = 0.49). Notably, the TC and LDL-C increase was higher for participants who were receiving darunavir\/ritonavir, and the TC showed a more pronounced increase among HCV genotype 3 patients (interaction-p value = 0.002). Conclusions: complex and rapid changes in TC and LDL-C levels, modulated by HCV genotype and PI\/r-based ART combinations, occurred in HIV\/HCV coinfected patients after SVR. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of these changes on the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T10:07:37Z","timestamp":1626689257000},"page":"1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of HCV Eradication on Lipid Metabolism in HIV\/HCV Coinfected Patients: Data from ICONA and HepaICONA Foundation Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Spaziante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Taliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Task Force Anti-COVID, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icona Foundation, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lichtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Cingolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0754-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Cicalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Biliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Puoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"d\u2019Arminio Monforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cozzi-Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.03.016","article-title":"Associations between hepatitis C viremia and low serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels: A community-based study","volume":"49","author":"Dai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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