{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:21:58Z","timestamp":1790374918306,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sandfly fever Toscana virus (TOSV, genus Phlebovirus, family Phenuiviridae) is endemic in Mediterranean countries. In Spain, phylogenetic studies of TOSV strains demonstrated that a genotype, different from the Italian, was circulating. This update reports 107 cases of TOSV neurological infection detected in Andalusia from 1988 to 2020, by viral culture, serology and\/or RT-PCR. Most cases were located in Granada province, a hyperendemic region. TOSV neurological infection may be underdiagnosed since few laboratories include this virus in their portfolio. This work presents a reliable automated method, validated for the detection of the main viruses involved in acute meningitis and encephalitis, including the arboviruses TOSV and West Nile virus. This assay solves the need for multiple molecular platforms for different viruses and thus, improves the time to results for these syndromes, which require a rapid and efficient diagnostic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1627036304000},"page":"1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Update in Diagnostics of Toscana Virus Infection in a Hyperendemic Region (Southern Spain)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Sanbonmatsu-G\u00e1mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Pedrosa-Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Navarro-Mar\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, May 10). 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