{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1774071670777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C7838\/A25173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7838\/A25173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C52915\/A29104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C52915\/A29104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000723","name":"Tenovus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD2015\/L13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD2015\/L13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17BX23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17BX23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000332","name":"Royal Society of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSE\/33457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSE\/33457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000325","name":"Wellbeing of Women","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RT414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RT414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human adenovirus phylogenetic tree is split across seven species (A\u2013G). Species D adenoviruses offer potential advantages for gene therapy applications, with low rates of pre-existing immunity detected across screened populations. However, many aspects of the basic virology of species D\u2014such as their cellular tropism, receptor usage, and in vivo biodistribution profile\u2014remain unknown. Here, we have characterized human adenovirus type 49 (HAdV-D49)\u2014a relatively understudied species D member. We report that HAdV-D49 does not appear to use a single pathway to gain cell entry, but appears able to interact with various surface molecules for entry. As such, HAdV-D49 can transduce a broad range of cell types in vitro, with variable engagement of blood coagulation FX. Interestingly, when comparing in vivo biodistribution to adenovirus type 5, HAdV-D49 vectors show reduced liver targeting, whilst maintaining transduction of lung and spleen. Overall, this presents HAdV-D49 as a robust viral vector platform for ex vivo manipulation of human cells, and for in vivo applications where the therapeutic goal is to target the lung or gain access to immune cells in the spleen, whilst avoiding liver interactions, such as intravascular vaccine applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Human Adenovirus Type 49 as a Vector for Therapeutic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Counsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Alizert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"},{"name":"Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Suff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, King\u2019s College London, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8650-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela C.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon N.","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Transfer Technology Group, EGA Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-6210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart A.","family":"Nicklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9302-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan L.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, A.T., Aguirre-Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Halld\u00e9n, G., and Parker, A.L. 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