{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:47:22Z","timestamp":1781621242852,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic hepatitis D is one of the most severe and aggressive forms of chronic viral hepatitis with a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from the co-infection of the liver with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its satellite, the hepatitis D virus (HDV). Although current therapies can control HBV infection, no treatment that efficiently eliminates HDV is available and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Although the HDV cycle is well described, the lack of simple experimental models has restricted the study of host\u2013virus interactions, even if they represent relevant therapeutic targets. In the last few years, the discovery of the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as a key cellular entry factor for HBV and HDV has allowed the development of new cell culture models susceptible to HBV and HDV infection. In this review, we summarize the main in vitro model systems used for the study of HDV entry and infection, discuss their benefits and limitations and highlight perspectives for future developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T23:37:21Z","timestamp":1628033841000},"page":"1532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cell Culture Models for the Study of Hepatitis D Virus Entry and Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Margaux J.","family":"Heuschkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques UMR_S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8864-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques UMR_S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato-Digestif, Nouvel H\u00f4pital Civil, 1 Place de L\u2019H\u00f4pital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9022-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloi R.","family":"Verrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques UMR_S1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.12.997","article-title":"Immunofluorescence Detection of New Antigen-Antibody System (Delta\/Anti-Delta) Associated to Hepatitis B Virus in Liver and in Serum of HbsAg Carriers","volume":"18","author":"Rizzetto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001150","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Deltavirus","volume":"99","author":"Magnius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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