{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1769190202039,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001298","name":"Presbyterian Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-19 Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 Seed Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine","award":["COVID-19 Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 Seed Grant"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIGMS COBRE","award":["GM103636, Project 4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM103636, Project 4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic characterized by an exaggerated immune response and respiratory illness. Age (&gt;60 years) is a significant risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. To better understand the host response of the aged airway epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed an in vitro study using primary human bronchial epithelial cells from donors &gt;67 years of age differentiated on an air\u2013liquid interface culture. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to early induction of a proinflammatory response and a delayed interferon response. In addition, we observed changes in the genes and pathways associated with cell death and senescence throughout infection. In summary, our study provides new and important insights into the temporal kinetics of the airway epithelial innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in older individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T22:14:36Z","timestamp":1628806476000},"page":"1603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Host Response in Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells from Aged Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bharathiraja","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Larabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Bodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony W. G.","family":"Burgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean A.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2776-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9894-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James F.","family":"Papin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"Kratzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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