{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:16:11Z","timestamp":1760235371103,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003993","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ008617.20319390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ008617.20319390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19H03115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H03115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The GPE\u2212 strain is a live attenuated vaccine for classical swine fever (CSF) developed in Japan. In the context of increasing attention for the differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) concept, the achievement of CSF eradication with the GPE\u2212 proposes it as a preferable backbone for a recombinant CSF marker vaccine. While its infectious cDNA clone, vGPE\u2212, is well characterized, 10 amino acid substitutions were recognized in the genome, compared to the original GPE\u2212 vaccine seed. To clarify the GPE\u2212 seed availability, this study aimed to generate and characterize a clone possessing the identical amino acid sequence to the GPE\u2212 seed. The attempt resulted in the loss of the infectious GPE\u2212 seed clone production due to the impaired replication by an amino acid substitution in the viral polymerase NS5B. Accordingly, replication-competent GPE\u2212 seed variant clones were produced. Although they were mostly restricted to propagate in the tonsils of pigs, similarly to vGPE\u2212, their type I interferon-inducing capacity was significantly lower than that of vGPE\u2212. Taken together, vGPE\u2212 mainly retains ideal properties for the CSF vaccine, compared with the seed variants, and is probably useful in the development of a CSF marker vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T23:19:33Z","timestamp":1629760773000},"page":"1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics of Classical Swine Fever Virus Variants Derived from Live Attenuated GPE\u2212 Vaccine Seed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Taksoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Tan","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shizuka","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norikazu","family":"Isoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Sakoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2015.03.002","article-title":"The molecular biology of pestiviruses","volume":"Volume 93","author":"Tautz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Virus Research"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1787","article-title":"A mutant of hog cholera virus inducing interference in swine testicle cell cultures","volume":"31","author":"Shimizu","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. 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