{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:40:31Z","timestamp":1784860831313,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-68\/2020\u201314\/200125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2020\u201314\/200125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungary-Serbia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme","award":["NNAA HUSRB\/1203\/214\/250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNAA HUSRB\/1203\/214\/250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bordetella bronchiseptica is a respiratory animal pathogen that shows growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, which has necessitated the examination of new antimicrobials, including bacteriophages. In this study, we examined the previously isolated and partially characterized B. bronchiseptica siphoviruses of the genus Vojvodinavirus (LK3, CN1, CN2, FP1 and MW2) for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm, and we examined other therapeutically important properties through genomic analysis and lysogeny experiments. The phages inhibited bacterial growth at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI = 0.001) of up to 85% and at MOI = 1 for &gt;99%. Similarly, depending on the phages and MOIs, biofilm formation inhibition ranged from 65 to 95%. The removal of biofilm by the phages was less efficient but still considerably high (40\u201375%). Complete genomic sequencing of Bordetella phage LK3 (59,831 bp; G + C 64.01%; 79 ORFs) showed integrase and repressor protein presence, indicating phage potential to lysogenize bacteria. Lysogeny experiments confirmed the presence of phage DNA in bacterial DNA upon infection using PCR, which showed that the LK3 phage forms more or less stable lysogens depending on the bacterial host. Bacterial infection with the LK3 phage enhanced biofilm production, sheep blood hemolysis, flagellar motility, and beta-lactam resistance. The examined phages showed considerable anti-B. bronchiseptica activity, but they are inappropriate for therapy because of their temperate nature and lysogenic conversion of the host bacterium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T03:13:17Z","timestamp":1630465997000},"page":"1732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Are Bordetella bronchiseptica Siphoviruses (Genus Vojvodinavirus) Appropriate for Phage Therapy\u2014Bacterial Allies or Foes?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Petrovic Fabijan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verica","family":"Aleksic Sabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Gavric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Doffkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Rakhely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0353-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petar","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2000.tb01763.x","article-title":"Bordetella bronchiseptica and equine respiratory infections: A review of 30 cases","volume":"12","author":"Hartmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine. 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