{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:47:09Z","timestamp":1789267629926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRP416, CMRPD1G0301\u20103, CMRPD1F0581\u20103, and CMRPD1K0241\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRP416, CMRPD1G0301\u20103, CMRPD1F0581\u20103, and CMRPD1K0241\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010004\u2010MY3, 106\u2010 2811\u2010B\u2010182\u2010011, 106\u20102632\u2010B\u2010182\u2010001, 488 107\u20102811\u2010B\u2010182\u2010512, 108\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010039\u2010, 109\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010026\u2010MY3, 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010002, and 489 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010004\u2010MY3, 106\u2010 2811\u2010B\u2010182\u2010011, 106\u20102632\u2010B\u2010182\u2010001, 488 107\u20102811\u2010B\u2010182\u2010512, 108\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010039\u2010, 109\u20102320\u2010B\u2010182\u2010026\u2010MY3, 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010002, and 489 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 492 110\u20102634\u2010F\u2010182\u2010001\u3001MOST 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 492 110\u20102634\u2010F\u2010182\u2010001\u3001MOST 109\u20102327\u2010B\u2010182\u2010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["The Featured Areas Research Centre Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The Featured Areas Research Centre Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Michael addition reaction is a spontaneous and quick chemical reaction that is widely applied in various fields. This reaction is performed by conjugating an addition of nucleophiles with \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, resulting in the bond formation of C-N, C-S, C-O, and so on. In the development of molecular materials, the Michael addition is not only used to synthesize chemical compounds but is also involved in the mechanism of drug action. Several covalent drugs that bond via Michael addition are regarded as anticarcinogens and anti-inflammatory drugs. Although drug development is mainly focused on pharmaceutical drug discovery, target-based discovery can provide a different perspective for drug usage. However, considerable time and labor are required to define a molecular target through molecular biological experiments. In this review, we systematically examine the chemical structures of current FDA-approved antiviral drugs for potential Michael addition moieties with \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated carbonyl groups, which may exert an unidentified broad-spectrum inhibitory mechanism to target viral or host factors. We thus propose that profiling the targets of antiviral agents, such as Michael addition products, can be achieved by employing a high-throughput LC-MS approach to comprehensively analyze the interaction between drugs and targets, and the subsequent drug responses in the cellular environment to facilitate drug repurposing and\/or identify potential adverse effects, with a particular emphasis on the pros and cons of this shotgun proteomic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1630972522000},"page":"1756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification of Potential Drug Targets of Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors with a Michael Acceptor Moiety Using Shotgun Proteomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Wei","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bidyadhar","family":"Sethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Wen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim-Tong","family":"Horng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1021\/ja980397v","article-title":"A catalytic Michael addition of thiols to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: Asymmetric Michael additions and asymmetric protonations","volume":"120","author":"Emori","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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