{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:22:22Z","timestamp":1783426942876,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute","award":["The Internal Research Grant number S158\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The Internal Research Grant number S158\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common intrauterine infection with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. There is limited data on the associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involving the first-line defense mechanism and the risk of CNS damage during cCMV. We investigated the associations between neuroimaging findings and SNPs in genes encoding the following cytokines and cytokine receptors in 92 infants with cCMV: interleukins (IL1B rs16944, IL12B rs3212227, IL28B rs12979860), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2 rs1024611), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN rs735240), Toll-like receptors (TLR2 rs5743708, TLR4 rs4986791, TLR9 rs352140). The SNP of IL1B rs16944 (G\/A) was associated with a reduced risk of ventriculomegaly on MRI (OR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.22\u20130.95; p = 0.03) and cUS (OR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.0\u20130.93; p = 0.034). Infants carrying heterozygous (T\/C) genotype at IL28B rs12979860 had an increased risk of cystic lesions on cUS (OR = 3.31, 95% CI, 1.37\u20138.01; p = 0.0064) and MRI (OR = 4.97, 95% CI, 1.84\u201313.43; p = 0.001), and an increased risk of ventriculomegaly on MRI (OR = 2.46, 95% CI, 1.03\u20135.90; p = 0.04). No other associations between genotyped SNPs and neuroimaging results were found. This is the first study demonstrating new associations between SNPs of IL1B and IL28B and abnormal neuroimaging in infants with cCMV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T02:41:07Z","timestamp":1631068867000},"page":"1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Interleukins and Toll-like Receptors and Neuroimaging Results in Newborns with Congenital HCMV Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Czech-Kowalska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Jedli\u0144ska-Pijanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata K.","family":"Pleskaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Niezgoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Gradowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Jurkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Kasztelewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-08","article-title":"Neuropathogenesis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Disease mechanisms and prospects for intervention","volume":"22","author":"Cheeran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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