{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:43:22Z","timestamp":1790462602357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has hugely impacted global public health and economy. The COVID-19 has also shown potential impacts on maternal perinatal and neonatal outcomes. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence from existing systematic reviews about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections on maternal perinatal and neonatal outcomes. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, from 1 December 2019 to 7 July 2021, for published review studies that included case reports, primary studies, clinical practice guidelines, overviews, case-control studies, and observational studies. Systematic reviews that reported the plausibility of mother-to-child transmission of COVID-19 (also known as vertical transmission), maternal perinatal and neonatal outcomes, and review studies that addressed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy were also included. We identified 947 citations, of which 69 studies were included for further analysis. Most (&gt;70%) of the mother-to-child infection was likely due to environmental exposure, although a significant proportion (about 20%) was attributable to potential vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Further results of the review indicated that the mode of delivery of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 could not increase or decrease the risk of infection for the newborns (outcomes), thereby emphasizing the significance of breastfeeding. The issue of maternal perinatal and neonatal outcomes with SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to worsen during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, increasing maternal and neonatal mortality, stillbirth, ruptured ectopic pregnancies, and maternal depression. Based on this study, we observed increasing rates of cesarean delivery from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also found that SARS-CoV-2 could be potentially transmitted vertically during the gestation period. However, more data are needed to further investigate and follow-up, especially with reports of newborns infected with SARS-CoV-2, in order to examine a possible long-term adverse effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13091877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1632263720000},"page":"1877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6335-2335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salihu S.","family":"Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil 713101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umar M.","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu 620101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8753-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainab U.","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina 821101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Lawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil 713101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daihai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109819","article-title":"Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy","volume":"188","author":"Jayaweera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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