{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:45:10Z","timestamp":1768700710777,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81960370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017FA036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FA036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018FB132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FB132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate whether uterine injury caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes. HEV-infected female BALB\/c mice were coupled with healthy male BALB\/c mice at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 91 dpi to explore the uterine injury caused by HEV infection. Mice were euthanized after 10 days of copulation, and uteruses were collected for HEV RNA and antigen detection and histopathological analysis. Inflammatory responses; apoptosis; and estrogen receptor \u0251 (ER-\u0251), endomethal antibody (ERAb), cytokeratin-7 (CK7), vimentin (VIM), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were evaluated. After 10 days of copulation, miscarriage and nonpregnancy, as well as enlarged uteruses filled with inflammatory cytokines, were found in HEV-infected mice. HEV RNA and antigens were detected in the sera and uteruses of HEV-infected mice. Significant endometrial thickness (EMT) thinning, severe inflammatory responses, and aggravated apoptosis in the uteruses of HEV-infected mice that experienced miscarriage might contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, significantly suppressed ER-\u0251 expression and increased ERAb, CK7, VIM, and VEGF expression levels were found in the uteruses of HEV-infected mice that had miscarried. However, uterine damage recovered after complete HEV clearance, and impaired fertility was improved. EMT injury, severe inflammatory responses, and aggravated apoptosis in the uterus caused by HEV infection are responsible for poor pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:39:29Z","timestamp":1632865169000},"page":"1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Uterine Injury Caused by Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Infection Based on a BALB\/c Mice Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houfack","family":"Mickael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4232-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueping","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yike","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daqiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650038, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Kunming 650034, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.068429-0","article-title":"Consensus proposals for classification of the family Hepeviridae","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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