{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:03:49Z","timestamp":1783767829803,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["443215\/2019-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["443215\/2019-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2021 re-emergence of yellow fever in non-human primates in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southernmost Brazil, resulted in the death of many howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) and led the state to declare a Public Health Emergency of State Importance, despite no human cases reported. In this study, near-complete genomes of yellow fever virus (YFV) recovered from the outbreak were sequenced and examined aiming at a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and the spatio-temporal dynamics of the virus distribution. Our results suggest that the most likely sequence of events involved the reintroduction of YFV from the state of S\u00e3o Paulo to RS through the states of Paran\u00e1 and Santa Catarina, by the end of 2020. These findings reinforce the role of genomic surveillance in determining the pathways of distribution of the virus and in providing references for the implementation of preventive measures for populations in high risk areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1633917587000},"page":"1976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Real-Time Genomic Surveillance during the 2021 Re-Emergence of the Yellow Fever Virus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Miguel de S.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio S.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Tocantins, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1731-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline A. 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J. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Simonini-Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Bernal-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A. M. 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