{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:59:37Z","timestamp":1783702777311,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["136825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["136825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamma-delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells are unconventional T cells that help control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells develop early in gestation, and a fetal public \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype is detected in congenital CMV infections. However, age-dependent \u03b3\u03b4 T cell responses to primary CMV infection are not well-understood. Flow cytometry and TCR sequencing was used to comprehensively characterize \u03b3\u03b4 T cell responses to CMV infection in a cohort of 32 infants followed prospectively from birth. Peripheral blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cell frequencies increased during infancy, and were higher among CMV-infected infants relative to uninfected. Clustering analyses revealed associations between CMV infection and activation marker expression on adaptive-like V\u03b41 and V\u03b43, but not innate-like V\u03b39V\u03b42 \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets. Frequencies of NKG2C+CD57+ \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were temporally associated with the quantity of CMV shed in saliva by infants with primary infection. The public \u03b3\u03b4 TCR clonotype was only detected in CMV-infected infants &lt;120 days old and at lower frequencies than previously described in fetal infections. Our findings support the notion that CMV infection drives age-dependent expansions of specific \u03b3\u03b4 T cell populations, and provide insight for novel strategies to prevent CMV transmission and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1633917587000},"page":"1987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of Adaptive-like \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells in Ugandan Infants during Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tuengel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, 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Pharmaceutics, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Immunology, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibyl","family":"Drissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cetare","family":"Mohsenzadeh-Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British 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Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vermijlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Immunology, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University 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