{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:26:31Z","timestamp":1791581191692,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a human herpes virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children. CMV primary infection causes a clinically mild disease in healthy children, usually in early childhood; the virus then utilises several mechanisms to establish host latency, which allows for periodic reactivation, particularly when the host is immunocompromised. It is this reactivation that is responsible for the significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. We review CMV infection in the primary immunodeficient host, including early identification of these infants by newborn screening to allow for CMV infection prevention strategies. Furthermore, clinical CMV is discussed in the context of children treated with secondary immunodeficiency, particularly paediatric cancer patients and children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Treatments for CMV are highlighted and include CMV immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1633917587000},"page":"2001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cytomegalovirus Infections in Children with Primary and Secondary Immune Deficiencies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Centre for Children, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Kesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2458-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Powys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Centre for Children, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Blyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Blood Transplant and Cellular Therapies Program, Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(78)90209-X","article-title":"Size and complexity of human cytomegalovirus DNA","volume":"89","author":"Demarchi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-01178-6","article-title":"Scoring system for clinically significant CMV infection in seropositive recipients following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant: An SFGM-TC study","volume":"56","author":"Beauvais","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18606-0","article-title":"The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: Comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome FN1","volume":"84","author":"Davison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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