{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1780725172332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CID-HKU1-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CID-HKU1-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus in Asia that causes severe disease. Despite its clinical importance, treatment options for SFTSV infection remains limited. The SFTSV glycoprotein Gn plays a major role in mediating virus entry into host cells and is therefore a potential antiviral target. In this study, we employed an in silico structure-based strategy to design novel cyclic antiviral peptides that target the SFTSV glycoprotein Gn. Among the cyclic peptides, HKU-P1 potently neutralizes the SFTSV virion. Combinatorial treatment with HKU-P1 and the broad-spectrum viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor favipiravir exhibited synergistic antiviral effects in vitro. The in silico peptide design platform in this study may facilitate the generation of novel antiviral peptides for other emerging viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T21:45:32Z","timestamp":1633988732000},"page":"2047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Silico Structure-Based Design of Antiviral Peptides Targeting the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Glycoprotein Gn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7996-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo-Feng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenn Ka-Heng","family":"Chik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Wei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Hui","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Piao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui-Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Fei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2855-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Fang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6336-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper Fuk-Woo","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China"},{"name":"Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3843-5","article-title":"Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: Update","volume":"163","author":"Maes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1847037","article-title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: A highly lethal bunyavirus","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leventhal, S., Wilson, D., Feldmann, H., and Hawman, D. (2021). A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020314"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1776","article-title":"Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocyto-penia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02628-12","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Virus Glycoproteins Are Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies and Can Use DC-SIGN as a Receptor for pH-Dependent Entry into Human and Animal Cell Lines","volume":"87","author":"Hofmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake, M.J., Brennan, B., Jr, K.B., Bart, S.M., Sherman, E., Szemiel, A., Minutillo, M., Bushman, F.D., and Bates, P. (2017). A role for glycolipid biosynthesis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry. PLOS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006316"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010095","article-title":"Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China","volume":"364","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70718-2","article-title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit603","article-title":"The First Identification and Retrospective Study of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan","volume":"209","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.181463","article-title":"Endemic Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Vietnam","volume":"25","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv144","article-title":"Phylogenetic and Geographic Relationships of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in China, South Korea, and Japan","volume":"212","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit530","article-title":"Case-fatality ratio and effec-tiveness of ribavirin therapy among hospitalized patients in china who had severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao, D., Liu, M.-J., Wang, Y.-X., Ren, X., Lu, Q.-B., Zhao, G.-P., Dai, K., Li, X.-L., Li, H., and Zhang, X.-A. (2020). Epidemiology and Ecology of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in China, 2010\u20132018. Clin. Infect. Dis., ciaa1561.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1561"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Chan, J.F.-W., Ye, Z.-W., Wen, L., Tsang, T.G.-W., Cao, J., Huang, J., Chan, C.C.-Y., Chik, K.K.-H., and Choi, G.K.-Y. (2019). Screening of an FDA-Approved Drug Library with a Two-Tier System Identifies an Entry Inhibitor of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040385"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moming, A., Shi, S., Shen, S., Qiao, J., Yue, X., Wang, B., Ding, J., Hu, Z., Deng, F., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Fine mapping epitope on Glycoprotein-Gn from Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248005"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705176114","article-title":"Structures of phlebovirus glycoprotein Gn and identification of a neutralizing antibody epitope","volume":"114","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.07.009","article-title":"Pathophysiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and development of specific antiviral therapy","volume":"24","author":"Saijo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00061-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00061-15","article-title":"Efficacy of T-705 (Favipiravir) in the Treatment of Infections with Lethal Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus","volume":"1","author":"Tani","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","article-title":"The Protein Data Bank","volume":"28","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2187","article-title":"A comparison of successful and failed protein interface designs highlights the challenges of designing buried hydrogen bonds","volume":"22","author":"Stranges","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.062906.171838","article-title":"Macromolecular Modeling with Rosetta","volume":"77","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19791","article-title":"Accurate de novo design of hyperstable constrained peptides","volume":"538","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit123","article-title":"Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging novel human betacoro-navirus 2c EMC\/2012: Implications for disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation","volume":"207","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.99","article-title":"Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging Zika virus: Implications for disease pathogenesis, non-vector-borne human transmission and animal reservoirs","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22964-w","article-title":"Macrocyclic peptides exhibit antiviral effects against in-fluenza virus HA and prevent pneumonia in animal models","volume":"12","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.491","article-title":"The cyclization of peptides and depsipeptides","volume":"9","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6b00064","article-title":"Peptide-Mediated Interference of PB2-eIF4G1 Interaction Inhibits Influenza A Viruses\u2019 Replication in Vitro and in Vivo","volume":"2","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.10.007","article-title":"The celecoxib derivative kinase inhibitor AR-12 (OSU-03012) inhibits Zika virus via down-regulation of the PI3K\/Akt pathway and protects Zika virus-infected A129 mice: A host-targeting treatment strategy","volume":"160","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Chen, L.-L., Lu, L., Choi, C.Y.-K., Cai, J.-P., Tsoi, H.-W., Chu, A.W.-H., Ip, J.D., Chan, W.-M., Zhang, R.R., and Zhang, X. (2021). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant-associated RBD mutations on the susceptibility to serum antibodies elicited by COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Clin. Infect. Dis., ciab656."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03431-4","article-title":"Clofazimine broadly inhibits coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2","volume":"593","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.03.003","article-title":"A mathematical approach to study combined effects of toxicants in vitro: Evaluation of the Bliss independence criterion and the Loewe additivity model","volume":"21","author":"Goldoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.11.007","article-title":"Peptide and peptide-based in-hibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry","volume":"167","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/365113a0","article-title":"HIV-1 inhibition by a peptide","volume":"365","author":"Jiang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X14999160224103908","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV Entry by Targeting the Envelope Transmembrane Subunit gp41","volume":"14","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-014-9687-3","article-title":"Strategic Approaches to Optimizing Peptide ADME Properties","volume":"17","author":"Di","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1062","article-title":"Contemporary strategies for peptide macrocyclization","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15672","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15672","article-title":"A peptide-based viral inactivator inhibits Zika virus infection in pregnant mice and fetuses","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00793-08","article-title":"Multiple Peptides Homologous to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein B Inhibit Viral Infection","volume":"53","author":"Akkarawongsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biophys.28.1.319","article-title":"Membrane Protein Folding and Stability: Physical Principles","volume":"28","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb1096-842","article-title":"Experimentally determined hydrophobicity scale for proteins at membrane interfaces","volume":"3","author":"Wimley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.03.001","article-title":"Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infectivity by peptides analogous to the viral spike protein","volume":"120","author":"Sainz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0305-x","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17986-9","article-title":"A broad-spectrum virus- and host-targeting peptide against respiratory viruses including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1021\/bi902153g","article-title":"Practically useful: What the Rosetta protein modeling suite can do for you","volume":"49","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203378","article-title":"A New Phlebovirus Associated with Severe Febrile Illness in Missouri","volume":"367","author":"McMullan","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/10\/2047\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:11:45Z","timestamp":1760166705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/10\/2047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["v13102047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13102047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]}}}