{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:04:36Z","timestamp":1784264676841,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ASP-PLA\/28263\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ASP-PLA\/28263\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ASP-PLA\/28266\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ASP-PLA\/28266\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-028266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses may cause devastating diseases in several organisms; however, they are simple systems that can be manipulated to be beneficial and useful for many purposes in different areas. In medicine, viruses have been used for a long time in vaccines and are now being used as vectors to carry materials for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, being able to target specific cells. In agriculture, viruses are being studied to introduce desirable characteristics in plants or render resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Viruses have been exploited in nanotechnology for the deposition of specific metals and have been shown to be of great benefit to nanomaterial production. They can also be used for different applications in pharmacology, cosmetics, electronics, and other industries. Thus, viruses are no longer only seen as enemies. They have shown enormous potential, covering several important areas in our lives, and they are making our lives easier and better. Although viruses have already proven their potential, there is still a long road ahead. This prompt us to propose this theme in the Special Issue \u201cThe application of viruses to biotechnology\u201d. We believe that the articles gathered here highlight recent significant advances in the use of viruses in several fields, contributing to the current knowledge on virus applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T23:02:16Z","timestamp":1634252536000},"page":"2073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An Overview of the Application of Viruses to Biotechnology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Varanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2013Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2013Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Doroteia","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2013Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Materatski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2013Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, R.A.C. (2021). Global plant virus disease pandemics and epidemics. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020233"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Materatski, P., Jones, S., Patanita, M., Campos, M.D., Dias, A.B., Felix, M.R., and Varanda, C.M.R. (2021). A bipartite geminivirus with a highly divergent genomic organization identified in olive trees may represent a novel evolutionary direction in the family Geminiviridae. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102035"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tennant, P., Fermin, G., and Foster, J.E.B.T.-V. (2018). Chapter 1\u2014Introduction: A Short History of Virology. Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions, and Applications to Biotechnology, Academic Press. 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Exploring codon adjustment strategies towards escherichia coli-based production of viral proteins encoded by hth1, a novel prophage of the marine bacterium hypnocyclicus thermotrophus. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071215"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong, K., Tremblay, D.M., Delaquis, P., Goodridge, L., Levesque, R.C., Moineau, S., Suttle, C.A., and Wang, S. (2019). Diversity and Host Specificity Revealed by Biological Characterization and Whole Genome Sequencing of Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090854"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D.L., Chow, N.S.M., Bridle, B.W., and Wootton, S.K. (2021). Macrophage Depletion via Clodronate Pretreatment Reduces Transgene Expression from AAV Vectors in Vivo. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102002"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, D.L., Chow, N., and Wootton, S.K. (2020). 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