{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:12:27Z","timestamp":1774642347181,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanofi (Spain)","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a higher risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) than patients with other infectious or inflammatory diseases, both as macrothrombosis (pulmonar embolism and deep vein thrombosis) or microthrombosis. However, the use of anticoagulation in this scenario remains controversial. This is a project that used DELPHI methodology to answer PICO questions related to anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19. The objective was to reach a consensus among multidisciplinary VTE experts providing answers to those PICO questions. Seven PICO questions regarding patients with COVID-19 responded with a broad consensus: 1. It is recommended to avoid pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in most COVID-19 patients not requiring hospital admission; 2. In most hospitalized patients for COVID-19 who are receiving oral anticoagulants before admission, it is recommended to replace them by low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at therapeutic doses; 3. Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH at standard doses is suggested for COVID-19 patients admitted to a conventional hospital ward; 4. Standard-doses thromboprophylaxis with LMWH is recommended for COVID-19 patients requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit; 5. It is recommended not to determine D-Dimer levels routinely in COVID-19 hospitalized patients to select those in whom VTE should be suspected, or as a part of the diagnostic algorithm to rule out or confirm a VTE event; 6. It is recommended to discontinue pharmacological thromboprophylaxis at discharge in most patients hospitalized for COVID-19; 7. It is recommended to withdraw anticoagulant treatment after 3 months in most patients with a VTE event associated with COVID-19. The combination of PICO questions and DELPHI methodology provides a consensus on different recommendations for anticoagulation management in patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:44:31Z","timestamp":1635198271000},"page":"2128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["PICO Questions and DELPHI Methodology for the Management of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9411-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Riera-Mestre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Jara-Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Unit for Respiratory Diseases, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, 28029 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Lecumberri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0861-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Trujillo-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Santa Luc\u00eda, 30204 Cartagena, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enric","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, Lluis Alcanyis de Xativa Hospital, 46800 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeles","family":"Blanco-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, 10004 C\u00f3rdoba, 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(IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Bellmunt-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Surgery Department, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Monreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Hospital (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Alcala University, 28805 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the COVILAX Project","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2020.03.012","article-title":"COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical-therapeutic staging 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