{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T13:31:29Z","timestamp":1769347889467,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"POR FESR Emilia Romagna","award":["PG\/2020\/362659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/2020\/362659"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced sanitization procedures, and high-level disinfection has been massively used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, with potential negative impact on the environment and on the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Aiming to overcome these concerns, yet preserving the effectiveness of sanitization against enveloped viruses, we assessed the antiviral properties of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS), an eco-sustainable probiotic-based detergent previously proven to stably abate pathogen contamination and AMR. PCHS (diluted 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100) was tested in comparison to common disinfectants (70% ethanol and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite), in suspension and carrier tests, according with the European UNI EN 14476:2019 and UNI EN 16777:2019 standards. Human alpha- and beta-coronaviruses hCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1, human and animal influenza viruses, and vaccinia virus were included in the study. The results showed that PCHS was able to inactivate 99.99% of all tested viruses within 1\u20132 h of contact, both in suspension and on surface. Notably, while control disinfectants became inactive within 2 h after application, the PCHS antiviral action persisted up to 24 h post-application, suggesting that its use may effectively allow a continuous prevention of virus spread via contaminated environment, without worsening environmental pollution and AMR concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1636064754000},"page":"2227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Potential of an Eco-Sustainable Probiotic-Cleaning Formulation in Reducing Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1937-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"D\u2019Accolti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5274-295X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Soffritti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1276-2710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bonfante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, IZSVe, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sante","family":"Mazzacane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6048-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Caselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, October 21). 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