{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T06:24:21Z","timestamp":1764138261714,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation for Rare and Intractable Diseases, Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants, The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan","award":["20FC1054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20FC1054"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["21K07450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>JC virus (JCV), as an archetype, establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection in many healthy individuals. In immunocompromised patients, prototype JCV with variable mutations in the non-coding control region (NCCR) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease. This study was conducted to create a database of NCCR sequences annotated with transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and statistically analyze the mutational pattern of the JCV NCCR. JCV NCCRs were extracted from &gt;1000 sequences registered in GenBank, and TFBSs within each NCCR were identified by computer simulation, followed by examination of their prevalence, multiplicity, and location by statistical analyses. In the NCCRs of the prototype JCV, the limited types of TFBSs, which are mainly present in regions D through F of archetype JCV, were significantly reduced. By contrast, modeling count data revealed that several TFBSs located in regions C and E tended to overlap in the prototype NCCRs. Based on data from the BioGPS database, genes encoding transcription factors that bind to these TFBSs were expressed not only in the brain but also in the peripheral sites. The database and NCCR patterns obtained in this study could be a suitable platform for analyzing JCV mutations and pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:02:06Z","timestamp":1637528526000},"page":"2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Database and Statistical Analyses of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in the Non-Coding Control Region of JC Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Nakamichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease","volume":"17","author":"Cortese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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