{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:39:56Z","timestamp":1790836796357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Center for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project no. 5.704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project no. 5.704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft TRR179","award":["project no. 272983813; ; TP15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project no. 272983813; ; TP15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes severe liver disease. The estimated prevalence of 15\u201320 million infected people worldwide may be underestimated as international diagnostic guidelines are not routinely followed. Possible reasons for this include the limited awareness among healthcare providers, the requirement for costly equipment and specialized training, and a lack of access to reliable tests in regions with poor medical infrastructure. In this study, we developed an HDV rapid test for the detection of antibodies against the hepatitis delta antigen (anti-HDV) in serum and plasma. The test is based on a novel recombinant large hepatitis delta antigen that can detect anti-HDV in a concentration-dependent manner with pan-genotypic activity across all known HDV genotypes. We evaluated the performance of this test on a cohort of 474 patient samples and found that it has a sensitivity of 94.6% (314\/332) and a specificity of 100% (142\/142) when compared to a diagnostic gold-standard ELISA. It also works robustly for a broad range of anti-HDV titers. We anticipate this novel HDV rapid test to be an important tool for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics, especially in regions that currently lack access to reliable HDV testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:12:56Z","timestamp":1638328376000},"page":"2371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A Rapid Point-of-Care Test for the Serodiagnosis of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian A.","family":"Lempp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imme","family":"Roggenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Nkongolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkan","family":"Sakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Schlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Le Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, APHP, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Gordien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, H\u00f4pital Avicenne, APHP, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihan","family":"Yurdaydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ankara, Ankara 06560, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ko\u00e7 University Medical School, Istanbul 34450, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1560-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.5.931","article-title":"Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis type B","volume":"155","author":"Fattovich","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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