{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1760236565336,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LDRD  20210957ER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LDRD  20210957ER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPSRC NPIF DTP studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPSRC NPIF DTP studentship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with both antiviral properties and protective roles in innate immune responses to viral infection. They induce an antiviral cellular state and link innate and adaptive immune responses. Yet, viruses have evolved different strategies to inhibit such host responses. One of them is the existence of viral proteins which subvert type I IFN responses to allow quick and successful viral replication, thus, sustaining the infection within a host. We propose mathematical models to characterise the intra-cellular mechanisms involved in viral protein antagonism of type I IFN responses, and compare three different molecular inhibition strategies. We study the Ebola viral protein, VP35, with this mathematical approach. Approximate Bayesian computation sequential Monte Carlo, together with experimental data and the mathematical models proposed, are used to perform model calibration, as well as model selection of the different hypotheses considered. Finally, we assess if model parameters are identifiable and discuss how such identifiability can be improved with new experimental data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1638847265000},"page":"2441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantification of Type I Interferon Inhibition by Viral Proteins: Ebola Virus as a Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5094-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macauley","family":"Locke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7966-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant","family":"Lythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3833-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7725-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Fontela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Stra\u00dfe 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, Bernhard Nocht Stra\u00dfe 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Molina-Par\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon responses","volume":"14","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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