{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:16:23Z","timestamp":1790424983123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR15450\/COE\/34\/46\/2016 BT\/HRD\/NWBA\/38\/09\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR15450\/COE\/34\/46\/2016 BT\/HRD\/NWBA\/38\/09\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staufen, the RNA-binding family of proteins, affects various steps in the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication cycle. While our previous study established Staufen-2\u2013HIV-1 Rev interaction and its role in augmenting nucleocytoplasmic export of RRE-containing viral RNA, viral incorporation of Staufen-2 and its effect on viral propagation were unknown. Here, we report that Staufen-2 interacts with HIV-1 Gag and is incorporated into virions and that encapsidated Staufen-2 boosted viral infectivity. Further, Staufen-2 gets co-packaged into virions, possibly by interacting with host factors Staufen-1 or antiviral protein APOBEC3G, which resulted in different outcomes on the infectivity of Staufen-2-encapsidated virions. These observations suggest that encapsidated host factors influence viral population dynamics and infectivity. With the explicit identification of the incorporation of Staufen proteins into HIV-1 and other retroviruses, such as Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), we propose that packaging of RNA binding proteins, such as Staufen, in budding virions of retroviruses is probably a general phenomenon that can drive or impact the viral population dynamics, infectivity, and evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:30:00Z","timestamp":1639006200000},"page":"2459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Encapsidation of Staufen-2 Enhances Infectivity of HIV-1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kannan","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India"},{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7049-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananda","family":"Jaguva Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnaveni","family":"Mohareer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Luedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"M\u00fcnk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmistha","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-18","article-title":"The retrovirus RNA trafficking granule: From birth to maturity","volume":"3","author":"Cochrane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16793-5","article-title":"Elucidating the in vivo interactome of HIV-1 RNA by hybridization capture and mass spectrometry","volume":"7","author":"Knoener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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