{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:05:51Z","timestamp":1784264751284,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nos. 31972983 and 32072487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 31972983 and 32072487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["No. CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral pathogens are a major threat to stable crop production. Using a backcross strategy, we find that integrating a dominant brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene Bph3 into a high-yield and BPH-susceptible indica rice variety significantly enhances BPH resistance. However, when Bph3-carrying backcross lines are infested with BPH, these BPH-resistant lines exhibit sterile characteristics, displaying panicle enclosure and failure of seed production at their mature stage. As we suspected, BPH-mediated viral infections could cause the observed sterile symptoms, and we characterized rice-infecting viruses using deep metatranscriptomic sequencing. Our analyses revealed eight novel virus species and five known viruses, including a highly divergent virus clustered within a currently unclassified family. Additionally, we characterized rice plant antiviral responses using small RNA sequencing. The results revealed abundant virus-derived small interfering RNAs in sterile rice plants, providing evidence for Dicer-like and Argonaute-mediated immune responses in rice plants. Together, our results provide insights into the diversity of viruses in rice plants, and our findings suggest that multiple virus infections occur in rice plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T02:07:18Z","timestamp":1639102038000},"page":"2464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Metatranscriptomic Sequencing Suggests the Presence of Novel RNA Viruses in Rice Transmitted by Brown Planthopper"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shufen","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0876-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuyang Plant Protectin Station, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozhong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.34.1.249","article-title":"Biology and epidemiology of rice viruses","volume":"34","author":"Hibino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. 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