{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:36:07Z","timestamp":1790750167750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["2017YFA0504800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0504800"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D program of China","award":["2018YFC1406700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1406700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>All paramyxoviruses, which include the mumps virus, measles virus, Nipah virus, Newcastle disease virus, and Sendai virus, have non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes. These RNA genomes are enwrapped throughout the viral life cycle by nucleoproteins, forming helical nucleocapsids. In addition to these helical structures, recombinant paramyxovirus nucleocapsids may occur in other assembly forms such as rings, clam-shaped structures, and double-headed nucleocapsids; the latter two are composed of two single-stranded helices packed in a back-to-back pattern. In all of these assemblies, the neighboring nucleoprotein protomers adopt the same domain-swapping mode via the N-terminal arm, C-terminal arm, and recently disclosed N-hole. An intrinsically disordered region in the C-terminal domain of the nucleoproteins, called the N-tail, plays an unexpected role in regulating the transition among the different assembly forms that occurs with other viral proteins, especially phosphoprotein. These structures, together with the helical nucleocapsids, significantly enrich the structural diversity of the paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and help explain the functions of these diverse assemblies, including RNA genome protection, transcription, and replication, as well as encapsulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T03:14:29Z","timestamp":1639365269000},"page":"2479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Insights into Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsids from Diverse Assemblies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5353-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iHuman Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing-Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iHuman Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001328","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae","volume":"100","author":"Rima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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