{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:52:36Z","timestamp":1793047956179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rabies virus (RABV) is characterized by a history dominated by host shifts within and among bats and carnivores. One of the main outcomes of long-term RABV maintenance in dogs was the establishment of variants in a wide variety of mesocarnivores. In this study, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis, contributing to a better understanding of the origins, diversification, and the role of different host species in the evolution and diffusion of a dog-related variant endemic of South America. A total of 237 complete Nucleoprotein gene sequences were studied, corresponding to wild and domestic species, performing selection analyses, ancestral states reconstructions, and recombination analyses. This variant originated in Brazil and disseminated through Argentina and Paraguay, where a previously unknown lineage was found. A single host shift was identified in the phylogeny, from dog to the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in the Northeast of Brazil. Although this process occurred in a background of purifying selection, there is evidence of adaptive evolution -or selection of sub-consensus sequences- in internal branches after the host shift. The interaction of domestic and wild cycles persisted after host switching, as revealed by spillover and putative recombination events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T03:14:29Z","timestamp":1639365269000},"page":"2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Novel Terrestrial Rabies Virus Lineage Occurring in South America: Origin, Diversification, and Evidence of Contact between Wild and Domestic Cycles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0345-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria-Pabell\u00f3n II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1053ABH, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurovirosis, Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d, Av. V\u00e9lez Sarsfield 563, Buenos Aires C1282AFF, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Novaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DILAB, SENASA, Av. Paseo Col\u00f3n 367, Buenos Aires C1063ACD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Gury-Dohmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Zoonosis \u201cDr. Luis Pasteur\u201d, Av. D\u00edaz V\u00e9lez 4821, Buenos Aires C1405DCD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DILAB, SENASA, Av. Paseo Col\u00f3n 367, Buenos Aires C1063ACD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Zoonosis \u201cDr. Luis Pasteur\u201d, Av. D\u00edaz V\u00e9lez 4821, Buenos Aires C1405DCD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-1938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7614-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Cisterna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurovirosis, Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n\u201d, Av. 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