{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:53:13Z","timestamp":1776876793794,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008681","name":"Canadian Poultry Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASC-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASC-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agriculture and Agri Food Canada","award":["ASC-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASC-20"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014972","name":"Egg Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10022788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10022788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection causes significant economic losses to various sectors of the poultry industry worldwide. Over the past few years, the incidence of false layer syndrome in Eastern Canadian layer flocks has been associated with the increased prevalence of the IBV Delmarva (DMV)\/1639 strain. In this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) hens were infected with the Canadian DMV\/1639 strain and observed until 16 weeks of age in order to determine if the IBV DMV\/1639 strain is causing false layer syndrome. Early after infection, the virus showed a wide tissue distribution with characteristic gross and histopathological lesions in the respiratory tract and kidney. Around 60\u201370% of the infected hens demonstrated continuous cloacal viral shedding until the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks) which was associated with high IBV genome loads detected in the cecal tonsils. The experiment confirmed the field observations that the Canadian DMV\/1639 strain is highly pathogenic to the female reproductive tract causing marked cystic lesions in the oviduct. Moreover, significant histopathological damage was observed in the ovary. Our study provides a detailed description of the pathological consequences of the IBV DMV\/1639 strain circulating in an important poultry production sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T03:14:29Z","timestamp":1639365269000},"page":"2488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pathogenicity of the Canadian Delmarva (DMV\/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) on Female Reproductive Tract of Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S. H.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina M.","family":"Buharideen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayna","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla S.","family":"Coffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C52, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan C.","family":"Cork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Boulianne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montr\u00e9al, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Faizal","family":"Abdul-Careem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1637\/10227-043012-Review.1","article-title":"Review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world","volume":"56","author":"Jackwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000044","article-title":"Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: A review","volume":"18","author":"Bande","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. 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