{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T16:17:54Z","timestamp":1775060274566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI123376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI123376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51OD011107-60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD011107-60"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While recent changes in treatment have reduced the lethality of idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD), this condition remains one of the most common causes of rhesus macaque deaths in non-human primate research centers. We compared the viromes in fecal swabs from 52 animals with late stage ICD and 41 healthy animals. Viral metagenomics targeting virus-like particles was used to identify viruses fecally shed by each animal. Five viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, one to the Caliciviridae, one to the Parvoviridae, and one to the Adenoviridae families were identified. The fraction of reads matching each viral species was then used to estimate and compare viral loads in ICD cases versus healthy controls. None of the viruses detected in fecal swabs were strongly associated with ICD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T22:06:10Z","timestamp":1639519570000},"page":"2503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea in Rhesus Macaques Is Not Associated with Enteric Viral Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Delwart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1168-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tisza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Altan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Hartigan-O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-4659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Ardeshir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22150","article-title":"Risk factor analysis may provide clues to diarrhea prevention in outdoor-housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"75","author":"Prongay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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