{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T08:20:57Z","timestamp":1775377257825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different serological assays were rapidly generated to study humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Due to the intrinsic difficulty of working with SARS-CoV-2 authentic virus, most serological assays use recombinant forms of the Spike glycoprotein or its receptor binding domain (RBD). Cell-based assays expressing different forms of the Spike, as well as pseudoviral assays, are also widely used. To evaluate whether these assays recapitulate findings generated when the Spike is expressed in its physiological context (at the surface of the infected primary cells), we developed an intracellular staining against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) to distinguish infected from uninfected cells. Human airway epithelial cells (pAECs) were infected with authentic SARS-CoV-2 D614G or Alpha variants. We observed robust cell-surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike at the surface of the infected pAECs using the conformational-independent anti-S2 CV3-25 antibody. The infected cells were also readily recognized by plasma from convalescent and vaccinated individuals and correlated with several serological assays. This suggests that the antigenicity of the Spike present at the surface of the infected primary cells is maintained in serological assays involving expression of the native full-length Spike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1640080243000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Spike Expression at the Surface of Infected Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shilei","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, 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Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang Yu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Laumaea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de 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