{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:20:47Z","timestamp":1769160047488,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL118408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL118408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI128527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI128527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life has been associated with a deficient T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) response. Conversely, healthy adults generally do not exhibit severe illness from RSV infection. In the current study, we investigated whether Th1 cytokine IFN-\u03b3 is essential for protection against RSV and RSV-associated comorbidities in adult mice. We found that, distinct from influenza virus, prior RSV infection does not induce significant IFN-\u03b3 production and susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in adult wild-type (WT) mice. In ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, RSV super-infection increases airway neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory lung damage but has no significant effect on OVA-induced eosinophilia. Compared with WT controls, RSV infection of asthmatic Ifng\u2212\/\u2212 mice results in increased airway eosinophil accumulation. However, a comparable increase in eosinophilia was detected in house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthmatic Ifng\u2212\/\u2212 mice in the absence of RSV infection. Furthermore, neither WT nor Ifng\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibit apparent eosinophil infiltration during RSV infection alone. Together, these findings indicate that, despite its critical role in limiting eosinophilic inflammation during asthma, IFN-\u03b3 is not essential for protection against RSV-induced exacerbation of asthmatic inflammation in adult mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:46:06Z","timestamp":1642365966000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["IFN-\u03b3 Attenuates Eosinophilic Inflammation but Is Not Essential for Protection against RSV-Enhanced Asthmatic Comorbidity in Adult Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4065-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abenaya","family":"Muralidharan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Bashir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1017, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0372, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0372, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keer","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1017, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31812e52e6","article-title":"Role of rhinovirus in hospitalized infants with respiratory tract infections in Spain","volume":"26","author":"Calvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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