{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:42:07Z","timestamp":1760136127643,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2020\/04.738-8 and #2016\/14.566-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2020\/04.738-8 and #2016\/14.566-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab sample is a common test for diagnosing COVID-19. However, some patients present clinical, laboratorial, and radiological evidence of COVID-19 infection with negative RT-PCR result(s). Thus, we assessed whether positive results were associated with intubation and mortality. This study was conducted in a Brazilian tertiary hospital from March to August of 2020. All patients had clinical, laboratory, and radiological diagnosis of COVID-19. They were divided into two groups: positive (+) RT-PCR group, with 2292 participants, and negative (\u2212) RT-PCR group, with 706 participants. Patients with negative RT-PCR testing and an alternative most probable diagnosis were excluded from the study. The RT-PCR(+) group presented increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and 28-day mortality, when compared to the RT-PCR(\u2212) group. A positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was independently associated with intubation and 28 day in-hospital mortality. Accordingly, we concluded that patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis based on clinical data, despite a negative RT-PCR test from nasopharyngeal samples, presented more favorable outcomes than patients with positive RT-PCR test(s).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:47:32Z","timestamp":1642546052000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Distinct Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Positive or Negative RT-PCR Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3314-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Saad Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Vinicius","family":"Santinelli Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Carvalho","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"Ribeiro de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Consorti","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabel Oliva","family":"Marcilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia Regina","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-5229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilson Cobello","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2279-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio Flavio","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903l, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio Cesar","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o 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