{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:32:10Z","timestamp":1767983530550,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N9301900065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N9301900065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on mothers who confirmed ZIKV infection by qRT-PCR and their children. We also recruited non-pregnant women infected with ZIKV in the same period. ZIKV infection occurred between 2015 and 2017. We collected samples for this study between 2018 and 2019, years after the initial infection. We highlight that, after in vitro stimulation with ZIKV CD4 megapool (ZIKV MP), we found a lower frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17), especially in the mothers, confirmed by the decrease in IL-17 production in the supernatant. However, a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-\u03b3+ T cells (Th1Th17) responding to the ZIKV MP was observed in the cells of the mothers and children but not in those of the non-pregnant women. Our data indicate that the priming of CD4 T cells of the Th1Th17 phenotype occurred preferentially in the mothers who gave birth to children with CZS and in the children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T04:49:51Z","timestamp":1643258991000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3243-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iury Amancio","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9229-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Familiar-Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Badolato-Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Rabe","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helver Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Pauvolid-Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Fernandes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9a Alice","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elzinandes Leal de","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6416-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Artimos de Oliveira","family":"Vianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudete Aparecida Ara\u00fajo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiuser Laboratory for Research in Nephrology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24033-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i 24033-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Grifoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7013-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2968-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Weiskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luzia 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