{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:51:27Z","timestamp":1784029887724,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_172796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_172796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, includes four historically accepted species, i.e., bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-1 and -2, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and border disease virus (BDV). A large number of new pestivirus species were identified in recent years. A common feature of most members is the presence of two unique proteins, Npro and Erns, that pestiviruses evolved to regulate the host\u2019s innate immune response. In addition to its function as a structural envelope glycoprotein, Erns is also released in the extracellular space, where it is endocytosed by neighboring cells. As an endoribonuclease, Erns is able to cleave viral ss- and dsRNAs, thus preventing the stimulation of the host\u2019s interferon (IFN) response. Here, we characterize the basic features of soluble Erns of a large variety of classified and unassigned pestiviruses that have not yet been described. Its ability to form homodimers, its RNase activity, and the ability to inhibit dsRNA-induced IFN synthesis were investigated. Overall, we found large differences between the various Erns proteins that cannot be predicted solely based on their primary amino acid sequences, and that might be the consequence of different virus-host co-evolution histories. This provides valuable information to delineate the structure-function relationship of pestiviral endoribonucleases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1643320917000},"page":"265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fifty Shades of Erns: Innate Immune Evasion by the Viral Endonucleases of All Pestivirus Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"de Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology, L\u00e4nggass-Str. 122, POB, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8616-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and Immunology, L\u00e4nggass-Str. 122, POB, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000873","article-title":"Proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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