{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:40:45Z","timestamp":1790836845483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment options for HDV have been limited to interferon alfa-based therapies with its poor efficacy to side effects ratio. Several novel therapies have now advanced into the clinic. As they each have a different mechanism of action, there is the potential for combination therapy. Here we review how studying the HDV life cycle has led to the development of these novel therapies, the key developments leading to, and the details of, the first combination study of novel anti-HDV therapies, and suggest what additional combinations of novel therapies can be anticipated as we enter this exciting new area of HDV treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1643420607000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Combination of Novel Therapies for HDV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Menashe","family":"Elazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine-Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine-Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0365-x","article-title":"Hepatitis delta: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management 36 years after discovery","volume":"16","author":"Noureddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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