{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:38:18Z","timestamp":1792420698492,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3L0471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L0471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be fatal. However, very few studies have provided comprehensive analyses and specified the differences in symptoms observed in different parts of the GI tract. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze clinical manifestations and management of GI CMV disease. This retrospective cohort study enrolled the patients who had CMV diseases of the GI tract proved by CMV immunohistochemistry stain from the pathology database in a 4000-bed tertiary medical center between January 2000 and May 2021. The patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, endoscopic features, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors were analyzed. A total of 356 patients were enrolled, including 46 infected in the esophagus, 76 in the stomach, 30 in the small intestine, and 204 in the colon. In total, 49.4% patients were immunocompromised. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20.8%: CMV enteritis had the highest rate (23.3%). Sixty percent of patients received antiviral treatment and 16% were administered both intravenous and oral anti-viral drugs (Combo therapy, minimal and mean treatment duration were 14 and 39.9 \u00b1 25 days). Prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality included age, immune status, albumin level, platelet count, GI bleeding, time-to-diagnosis, and Combo therapy. In the survival analysis, immunocompetent patients receiving Combo therapy had the best survival curve, and immunocompromised patients receiving non-Combo therapy had the worst survival curve. Combo therapy \u226514 days resulted in a better outcome for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In conclusion, CMV GI diseases affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, and a complete treatment course should be considered for patients with poor prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:42:20Z","timestamp":1644363740000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pai-Jui","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Chin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Tang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association of the Study of Small Intestinal Disease, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Wei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association of the Study of Small Intestinal Disease, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Interventions, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2004-1526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Bin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistical Section, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Association of the Study of Small Intestinal Disease, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association of the Study of Small Intestinal Disease, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wey-Ran","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puo-Hsien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taiwan Association of the Study of Small Intestinal Disease, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6156581","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6156581","article-title":"A practical review of cytomegalovirus in gastroenterology and hepatology","volume":"2019","author":"Fakhreddine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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