{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:14:37Z","timestamp":1769570077163,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterovirus genus has over one hundred genotypes and could cause several kinds of severe animal and human diseases. Understanding the role of conserved residues in the VP1 capsid protein among the enterovirus genus may lead to anti-enteroviral drug development. The highly conserved residues were found to be located at the loop and \u00df-barrel intersections. To elucidate the role of these VP1 residues among the enterovirus genus, alanine substitution reverse genetics (rg) variants were generated, and virus properties were investigated for their impact. Six highly conserved residues were identified as located near the inside of the canyon, and four of them were close to the \u00df-barrel and loop intersection. The variants rgVP1-R86A, rgVP1-P193A, rgVP1-G231A, and rgVP1-K256A were unable to be obtained, which may be due to disruption in the virus replication process. In contrast, rgVP1-E134A and rgVP1-P157A replicated well and rgVP1-P157A showed smaller plaque size, lower viral growth kinetics, and thermal instability at 39.5\u00b0C when compared to the rg wild type virus. These findings showed that the conserved residues located at the \u00df-barrel and loop junction play roles in modulating viral replication, which may provide a pivotal role for pan-enteroviral inhibitor candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:40:17Z","timestamp":1644547217000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Conserved Residues Adjacent to \u00df-Barrel and Loop Intersection among Enterovirus VP1 Affect Viral Replication: Potential Target for Anti-Enteroviral Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ya-Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9127-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayna","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-4046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Ren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05156-1","article-title":"Changes to virus taxonomy and to the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (2021)","volume":"166","author":"Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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