{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:29:04Z","timestamp":1760956144096,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amantadine (1-amino-adamantane) is a versatile antiviral compound which has been licensed for decades against influenza viruses. During the Corona pandemic, its effect to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro has been investigated. However, an in vivo oral inapplicability was concluded due to ID50 doses exceeding eight times the estimated maximum tolerable plasma levels reached by 600 mg orally daily. In contrast, amantadine has been shown to be extraordinarily efficient against human neurotropic Borna disease virus (BoDV-1), presenting with both anti-depressive and anti-viral efficacy against a placebo, achieved by a well-tolerated low oral daily dose of 200 mg amantadine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:57Z","timestamp":1646079117000},"page":"494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prominent Efficacy of Amantadine against Human Borna Disease Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Comment on Fink et al. Amantadine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro. Viruses 2021, 13, 539"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liv","family":"Bode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Senior Scientists, Freelance Bornavirus Workgroup, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef E.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ameos Clinic Hildesheim Psychotherapy and Psychiatry, 31135 Hildesheim, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten W.","family":"Spannhuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanns","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Senior Scientists, Freelance Bornavirus Workgroup, 14163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2021.108042","article-title":"Characterization of the non-covalent interaction between the PF-07321332 inhibitor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease","volume":"110","author":"Macchiagodena","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.8.joc60020","article-title":"Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005\u20132006 influenza season in the United States","volume":"295","author":"Bright","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4075","article-title":"Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein: Sequence, Structure, Viroporin, and Inhibitors","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protein Sci."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/3\/494\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:29:06Z","timestamp":1760135346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/3\/494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v14030494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14030494","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}}}