{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:03:39Z","timestamp":1791227019262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common causative agent of genital tract infections. Moreover, HSV-2 and HIV infection can mutually increase the risk of acquiring another virus infection. Due to the high GC content and highly repetitive regions in HSV-2 genomes, only the genomes of four strains have been completely sequenced (HG52, 333, SD90e, and MS). Strain G is commonly used for HSV-2 research, but only a partial genome sequence has been assembled with Illumina sequencing reads. In the current study, we de novo assembled and annotated the complete genome of strain G using PacBio long sequencing reads, which can span the repetitive regions, analyzed the \u2018\u03b1\u2019 sequence, which plays key roles in HSV-2 genome circulation, replication, cleavage, and packaging of progeny viral DNA, identified the packaging signals homologous to HSV-1 within the \u2018\u03b1\u2019 sequence, and determined both termini of the linear genome and cleavage site for the process of concatemeric HSV-2 DNA produced via rolling-circle replication. In addition, using Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing reads, we visualized four HSV-2 genome isomers at the nucleotide level for the first time. Furthermore, the coding sequences of HSV-2 strain G have been compared with those of HG52, 333, and MS. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of strain G and other diverse HSV-2 strains has been conducted to determine their evolutionary relationship. The results will aid clinical research and treatment development of HSV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:40:38Z","timestamp":1646599238000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Complete Genome Sequence of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Strain G"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1413-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhong","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suranjana","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad T.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Fromont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Caravaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomozumi","family":"Imamichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1086\/514600","article-title":"Herpes simplex viruses","volume":"26","author":"Whitley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. 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