{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:17Z","timestamp":1787030117914,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Felis catus gammaherpesvirus-1 (FcaGHV1), a novel candidate oncogenic virus, infects cats worldwide. Whether the oropharynx is a site of virus shedding and persistence, and whether oronasal carcinomas harbor FcaGHV1 nucleic acid were investigated. In a prospective molecular epidemiological study, FcaGHV1 DNA was detected by cPCR in oropharyngeal swabs from 26\/155 (16.8%) of cats. Oropharyngeal shedding was less frequently detected in kittens \u22643 months of age (5\/94, 5.3%) than in older animals; &gt;3 months to \u22641 year: 8\/26, 30.8%, (p = 0.001, OR 7.91, 95% CI (2.320, 26.979)); &gt;1 year to \u22646 years: 10\/20, 50%, (p &lt; 0.001, OR 17.8 95% CI (5.065, 62.557)); &gt;6 years: 3\/15, 33% (p = 0.078). Provenance (shelter-owned\/privately owned) was not associated with shedding. In situ hybridization (ISH) identified FcaGHV1-infected cells in salivary glandular epithelium but not in other oronasal tissues from two of three cats shedding viral DNA in the oropharynx. In a retrospective dataset of 11 oronasopharyngeal carcinomas, a single tumor tested positive for FcaGHV1 DNA by ISH, a papillary carcinoma, where scattered neoplastic cells showed discrete nuclear hybridization. These data support the oronasopharynx as a site of FcaGHV1 shedding, particularly after maternal antibodies are expected to decline. The salivary epithelium is identified as a potential site of FcaGHV1 persistence. No evidence supporting a role for FcaGHV1 in feline oronasal carcinomas was found in the examined tumours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1646878235000},"page":"566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oropharyngeal Shedding of Gammaherpesvirus DNA by Cats, and Natural Infection of Salivary Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6198-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5976-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany Y.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Donahoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Setyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-8022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa R.","family":"Barrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Pesavento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.92","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus: More than 50 years old and still providing surprises","volume":"16","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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