{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:42:59Z","timestamp":1793169779709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K10458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K10458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella as a primary infection and remains latent in the ganglia until it becomes reactivated to cause herpes zoster. Individuals with varicella develop adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Compromised cell-mediated immunity is thought to contribute to the development of herpes zoster. Recent evidence suggests that changes in the epidemiology of varicella have affected the epidemiology of herpes zoster. The incidence of herpes zoster is higher in older adults; thus, the herpes zoster vaccine is recommended for older adults. However, the incidence of herpes zoster is expected to rise among younger individuals; hence, vaccination with the varicella vaccine should also be considered in younger adults. In order to determine the need for vaccination in different populations, it is important to establish methods to accurately assess the activity of cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Routine Varicella Immunization on the Epidemiology and Immunogenicity of Varicella and Shingles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Naruhito","family":"Otani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiomi","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90144-5","article-title":"Live vaccine used to prevent the spread of varicella in children in hospital","volume":"2","author":"Takahashi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"56","author":"Marin","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. 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