{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:53:14Z","timestamp":1788778394375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009104","name":"Department of Health Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.15013\/01\/2021-HR\/VRDL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.15013\/01\/2021-HR\/VRDL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2\/influenza virus co-infection studies have focused on hospitalized patients who usually had grave sequelae. Here, we report SARS-CoV-2\/influenza virus co-infection cases from both community and hospital settings reported through integrated ILI\/SARI (Influenza Like Illness\/Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) sentinel surveillance established by the Indian Council of Medical Research. We describe the disease progression and outcomes in these cases. Out of 13,467 samples tested from 4 July 2021\u201331 January 2022, only 5 (0.04%) were of SARS-CoV-2\/influenza virus co-infection from 3 different sites in distinct geographic regions. Of these, three patients with extremes of age required hospital admission, but none required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. No mortality was reported. The other two co-infection cases from community settings were managed at home. This is the first report on SARS-CoV-2\/Influenza virus co-infection from community as well as hospital settings in India and shows that influenza viruses are circulating in the community even during COVID-19. The results emphasize the need for continuous surveillance for multiple respiratory pathogens for effective public health management of ILI\/SARI cases in line with the WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1647812237000},"page":"627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection Cases Identified through ILI\/SARI Sentinel Surveillance: A Pan-India Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3139-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Potdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9066-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neetu","family":"Vijay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Labanya","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajyoti","family":"Borkakoty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Center, Dibrugarh 786010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Manjusree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9968-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manohar Lal","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riya","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit Dutt","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelanjana","family":"Sarmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Center, Dibrugarh 786010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreelatha K.","family":"H.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivedita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Troeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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