{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:39:39Z","timestamp":1783381179132,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staging fibrosis accurately has always been a challenge in viral hepatitis and other liver diseases. Liver biopsy is an imperfect gold standard due to its intra and interobserver agreement limitations and additional characteristics such as its safety and cost. Hence, non-invasive tests have been developed to stage liver fibrosis. In addition to serological biomarkers, physical tests with reasonable accuracy are available and adopted in the daily clinic regarding viral hepatitis fibrosis staging. In this review, we discuss the published data regarding the staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C, emphasizing non-invasive markers of fibrosis, both serological and physical. Moreover, we also discuss a persistent central gap, the evaluation of liver fibrosis after HCV cure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1648073286000},"page":"660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Staging Fibrosis in Chronic Viral Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Internal Medicine Program, Hepatology Division, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Figueiredo-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Division, General Hospital, Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20020-022, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1355-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane A.","family":"Villela-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hepatology Division, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Marcellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatology Department, H\u00f4pital Beaujon, APHP, INSERM, University of Paris, 92110 Clichy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.97","article-title":"Evolving challenges in hepatic fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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