{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:36:11Z","timestamp":1788258971547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["T32AI007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthohantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with trisegmented genomes that can cause severe disease in humans and are carried by several host reservoirs throughout the world. Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New World orthohantaviruses are found in North, Central, and South America, causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS with a fatality rate of ~36%. The primary SNV host reservoir is thought to be the North American deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. However, it has been shown that other species of Peromyscus can carry different orthohantaviruses. Few studies have systemically surveyed which orthohantaviruses may exist in wild-caught rodents or monitored spillover events into additional rodent reservoirs. A method for the rapid detection of orthohantaviruses is needed to screen large collections of rodent samples. Here, we report a pan-orthohantavirus, two-step reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) tool designed to detect both Old and New World pathogenic orthohantavirus sequences of the S segment of the genome and validated them using plasmids and authentic viruses. We then performed a screening of wild-caught rodents and identified orthohantaviruses in lung tissue, and we confirmed the findings by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we identified new rodent reservoirs that have not been previously reported as orthohantavirus carriers. This novel tool can be used for the efficient and rapid detection of various orthohantaviruses, while uncovering potential new orthohantaviruses and host reservoirs that may otherwise go undetected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1648416685000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Use of a Novel Detection Tool to Survey Orthohantaviruses in Wild-Caught Rodent Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Goodfellow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Nofchissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Dunnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Bradfute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W.-P., Lin, X.-D., Wang, W., Tian, J.-H., Cong, M.-L., Zhang, H.-L., Wang, M.-R., Zhou, R.-H., Wang, J.-B., and Li, M.-H. (2013). Phylogeny and Origins of Hantaviruses Harbored by Bats, Insectivores, and Rodents. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003159"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-09","article-title":"A Global Perspective on Hantavirus Ecology, Epidemiology, and Disease","volume":"23","author":"Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"185","article-title":"Hantavirus entry: Perspectives and recent advances","volume":"104","author":"Mittler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laenen, L., Vergote, V., Calisher, C.H., Klempa, B., Klingstr\u00f6m, J., Kuhn, J.H., and Maes, P. (2019). Hantaviridae: Current Classification and Future Perspectives. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090788"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Bat-borne Hantaviruses. Curr","volume":"39","author":"Arai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanagihara, R., Gu, S.H., and Song, J.-W. (2015). Expanded Host Diversity and Global Distribution of Hantaviruses: Implications for Identifying and Investigating Previously Unrecognized Hantaviral Diseases. Global Virology I-Identifying and Investigating Viral Diseases, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2410-3_9"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.3.298","article-title":"Isolation of the Etiologic Agent of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404073301401","article-title":"Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 17 Patients with a Newly Recognized Disease","volume":"330","author":"Duchin","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235615","article-title":"Genetic Identification of a Hantavirus Associated with an Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Illness","volume":"262","author":"Nichol","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00399","article-title":"Orthohantavirus Pathogenesis and Cell Tropism","volume":"10","author":"Noack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00725-11","article-title":"Migration of Norway Rats Resulted in the Worldwide Distribution of Seoul Hantavirus Today","volume":"86","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1912.131217","article-title":"Twenty-Year Summary of Surveillance for Human Hantavirus Infections, United States. Emerg","volume":"19","author":"Knust","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0989:TEAEHO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Ecology and Evolutionary History of an Emergent Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Yates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.6.1271","article-title":"Serologic and Genetic Identification of Peromyscus maniculatus as the Primary Rodent Reservoir for a New Hantavirus in the Southwestern United States","volume":"169","author":"Childs","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.0983","article-title":"Genetic Identification and Characterization of Limestone Canyon Virus, a Unique Peromyscus-Borne Hantavirus","volume":"286","author":"Sanchez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90430-8","article-title":"Isolation of pathogenic hantavirus from white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)","volume":"344","author":"Song","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122559","article-title":"Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Hjelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8137","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.12.8137-8141.1995","article-title":"Molecular linkage of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: Genetic characterization of the M genome of New York virus","volume":"69","author":"Hjelle","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0018","article-title":"Ecology of Hantaviruses and Their Hosts in North America","volume":"10","author":"Mills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970213","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic Studies of Hantavirus Infection Among Wild Rodents in California","volume":"3","author":"Jay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0153421","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01534-21","article-title":"Tracing Transmission of Sin Nombre Virus and Discovery of Infection in Multiple Rodent Species","volume":"95","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890460106","article-title":"Phylogenetically distinct hantavirus implicated in a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Northeastern United States","volume":"46","author":"Hjelle","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"571","article-title":"Geographic Distribution of Hantaviruses Associated with Neotomine and Sigmodontine Rodents, Mexico. Emerg","volume":"18","author":"Milazzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.180089","article-title":"Novel Focus of Sin Nombre Virus inPeromyscus eremicusMice, Death Valley National Park, California, USA. Emerg","volume":"24","author":"Burns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-2-149","article-title":"De-velopment and evaluation of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay based on Andes hantavirus recombinant nucleoprotein","volume":"49","author":"Padula","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.3390\/v6052028","article-title":"Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Hantavirus-Specific Antibodies in Divergent Small Mammals","volume":"6","author":"Cautivo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.12.3264-3268.1997","article-title":"Evaluation of serological methods for diagnosis of Puumala hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica)","volume":"35","author":"Elgh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.051487","article-title":"Hantavirus in African Wood Mouse, Guinea. Emerg","volume":"12","author":"Klempa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46697-5","article-title":"\u0110akr\u00f4ng virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka\u2019s Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam","volume":"9","author":"Arai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, B.T.D., De Mendon\u00e7a, M.H.R., Simith, D.D.B., Moraes, A.F., Cardoso, C.C., Prazeres, I.T.E., De Aquino, A.A., Santos, A.D.C.M., Queiroz, A.L.N., and Rodrigues, D.S.G. (2019). Development of RT-qPCR and semi-nested RT-PCR assays for molecular diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007884"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evx268","article-title":"A Novel Hantavirus of the European Mole, Bruges Virus, Is Involved in Frequent Nova Virus Coinfec-tions","volume":"10","author":"Laenen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000600018","article-title":"Detection of Brazilian hantavirus by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification of N gene in patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Moreli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zana, B., Kemenesi, G., Buz\u00e1s, D., Csorba, G., G\u00f6rf\u00f6l, T., Khan, F.A.A., Tahir, N.F.D.A., Zeghbib, S., Madai, M., and Papp, H. (2019). Molecular Identification of a Novel Hantavirus in Malaysian Bronze Tube-Nosed Bats (Murina aenea). Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201908.0023.v1"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W636","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz268","article-title":"The EMBL-EBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019","volume":"47","author":"Madeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1644\/10-MAMM-F-355.1","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research","volume":"92","author":"Sikes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunnum, J.L., Yanagihara, R., Johnson, K.M., Armien, B., Batsaikhan, N., Morgan, L., and Cook, J.A. (2017). Biospecimen Repositories and Integrated Databases as Critical Infrastructure for Pathogen Discovery and Pathobiology Research. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005133"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyz048","article-title":"Building an integrated infrastructure for exploring biodiversity: Field collections and archives of mammals and parasites","volume":"100","author":"Galbreath","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davenport, B.J., Willis, D.G., Prescott, J., Farrell, R.M., Coons, T.A., and Schountz, T. (2004). Generation of competent bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells from the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). BMC Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-5-23"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890460402","article-title":"Human B-cell epitopes of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein, the major antigen in early serological response","volume":"46","author":"Vapalahti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothenberger, S., Torriani, G., Johansson, M.U., Kunz, S., and Engler, O. (2016). Conserved Endonuclease Function of Hantavirus L Polymerase. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8050108"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.180197197","article-title":"Experimental infection model for Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)","volume":"97","author":"Botten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.1106","article-title":"Intraspecific Transmission of Hantaan Virus, Etiologic Agent of Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, in the Rodent Apodemus agrarius","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.11.012","article-title":"Hantavirus infection in Brazil: Development and evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting based on N recombinant protein","volume":"58","author":"Raboni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"552","article-title":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: Pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease","volume":"146","author":"Zaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lederer, S., Lattwein, E., Hanke, M., Sonnenberg, K., Stoecker, W., Lundkvist, \u00c5., Vaheri, A., Vapalahti, O., Chan, P.K.S., and Feldmann, H. (2013). Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies against Clinically Im-portant Old and New World Hantaviruses. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002157"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1086\/315153","article-title":"High Levels of Viremia in Patients with the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome","volume":"180","author":"Terajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.6.1292","article-title":"Real-time PCR in virology","volume":"30","author":"Mackay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.10.004","article-title":"Identification of Dobrava, Hantaan, Seoul, and Puumala viruses by one-step real-time RT-PCR","volume":"124","author":"Aitichou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01424-1","article-title":"Highly sensitive Taqman\u00ae PCR detection of Puumala hantavirus","volume":"3","author":"Garin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.093245","article-title":"Detection and Typing of Human Pathogenic Han-taviruses by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR and Pyrosequencing","volume":"53","author":"Kramski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.09.010","article-title":"Detection of Puumala and Rift Valley Fever virus by quantitative RT-PCR and virus viability tests in samples of blood dried and stored on filter paper","volume":"178","author":"Kerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, Z., Li, A., Li, J., Qu, J., He, C., Zhang, S., Li, C., Zhang, Q., Liang, M., and Li, D. (2014). Comprehensive Multiplex One-Step Real-Time TaqMan qRT-PCR Assays for Detection and Quantification of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095635"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0834-6","article-title":"Establishment of SYBR green-based qPCR assay for rapid evaluation and quantification for anti-Hantaan virus compounds in vitro and in suckling mice","volume":"46","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.07.019","article-title":"Molecular method for the detection of Andes hantavirus infection: Validation for clinical diagnostics","volume":"84","author":"Vial","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908291116","article-title":"Metatranscriptomic reconstruction reveals RNA viruses with the potential to shape carbon cycling in soil","volume":"116","author":"Starr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00715","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00715-16","article-title":"A Novel Bunyavirus-Like Virus of Trypanosomatid Protist Parasites","volume":"4","author":"Akopyants","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2712.210491","article-title":"Novel Filoviruses, Hantavirus, and Rhabdovirus in Freshwater Fish, Switzerland, 2017","volume":"27","author":"Hierweger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/4\/682\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1760136206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/14\/4\/682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["v14040682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14040682","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]}}}