{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:46:07Z","timestamp":1788587167846,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20jk0210021h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20jk0210021h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21wm0125002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21wm0125002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H06429, 16K21723, and 16H06434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H06429, 16K21723, and 16H06434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRIP, HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRIP, HHSN272201400008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza viruses have spread in wild birds and poultry worldwide. Recently, the number of human cases of H9N2 virus infection has increased in China and other countries, heightening pandemic concerns. In Japan, H9N2 viruses are not yet enzootic; however, avian influenza viruses, including H5N1, H7N9, H5N6, and H9N2, have been repeatedly detected in raw poultry meat carried by international flight passengers from Asian countries to Japan. Although H9N2 virus-contaminated poultry products intercepted by the animal quarantine service at the Japan border have been characterized in chickens and ducks, the biological properties of those H9N2 viruses in mammals remain unclear. Here, we characterized the biological features of two H9N2 virus isolates [A\/chicken\/Japan\/AQ-HE28-50\/2016 (Ck\/HE28-50) and A\/chicken\/Japan\/AQ-HE28-57\/2016 (Ck\/HE28-57)] in a mouse model. We found that these H9N2 viruses replicate well in the respiratory tract of infected mice without adaptation, and that Ck\/HE28-57 caused body weight loss in the infected mice. Our results indicate that H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from raw chicken meat products illegally brought to Japan can potentially infect and cause disease in mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:24:42Z","timestamp":1648675482000},"page":"728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Poultry Products in a Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jurika","family":"Murakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exotic Disease Inspection Division, Laboratory Department, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokoname 479-0881, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tokiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease and Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kawaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, M.S.H., and Abdul-Careem, M.F. 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